How Long Does It Take for Parents to Get a Green Card?

The process of obtaining a green card for parents of U.S. citizens involves several steps and can vary in duration. Understanding the timeline can help manage expectations and ensure that all necessary steps are completed efficiently. This article outlines the key stages in the process and the typical time frames associated with each.

Immediate Relatives Category: No Quota Limits

Parents of U.S. citizens fall under the “immediate relatives” category, which is not subject to annual quota limits. This classification generally expedites the process compared to other family-based immigration categories.

Key Steps and Timeline

1. Filing the Form I-130 (Petition for Alien Relative)

• Purpose: The Form I-130 establishes the relationship between the U.S. citizen and their parent.
• Processing Time: On average, this stage takes about 6-12 months. The duration can vary depending on the USCIS office handling the case and the completeness of the submitted documents.

2. Adjustment of Status or Consular Processing

Once the Form I-130 is approved, the next step depends on whether the parents are already in the U.S. or abroad.

• Adjustment of Status (AOS): This process is used if the parents are in the U.S. on a valid visa. Form I-485 (Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status): This form is crucial for those applying from within the U.S. Processing Time: The AOS process typically takes 8-14 months. This time frame includes background checks, biometrics, and the AOS interview.
• Consular Processing: If the parents are outside the U.S., they must complete their application at a U.S. consulate. National Visa Center (NVC) Processing: After I-130 approval, the case is transferred to the NVC, which prepares the file for the consulate interview. Interview Scheduling: The NVC process and consulate interview scheduling can take 4-6 months, depending on the consulate’s workload and location.

3. Work and Travel Authorization (If Applying for AOS)

While waiting for their green card, parents applying for AOS can request work and travel authorization.

• Form I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization): Allows parents to work in the U.S.
• Form I-131 (Application for Travel Document): Grants permission to travel outside the U.S. and return.
• Processing Time: These permits usually take 3-6 months to be issued.

Total Estimated Time for Green Card Approval

The total time for parents to receive a green card can range from 12 to 24 months. This duration varies based on factors such as processing backlogs, the completeness of the application, and the specific circumstances of each case.

Important Considerations

• Completeness of Application: Delays can occur if applications are incomplete or if additional documentation is requested by USCIS.
• Interview Requirements: An in-person interview is generally required, and scheduling can affect overall timing.
• Legal and Financial Preparations: Ensure all forms are accurately completed and that you meet financial sponsorship requirements to avoid delays.

Conclusion

Understanding the timeline for obtaining a green card for your parents is crucial for planning and managing expectations. While the process can take anywhere from 12 to 24 months, being well-prepared and submitting complete and accurate applications can help avoid unnecessary delays. For personalized advice and assistance, consider consulting with an experienced immigration attorney.

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My name is Daven Ghandi, and I’m a U.S. immigration lawyer and the founder of KAZA Law. In this article, we discussed the timeline and steps involved in obtaining a green card for your parents, including the processes of Adjustment of Status and Consular Processing. If you have any further questions about bringing your parents to the U.S. or any other immigration-related queries, feel free to schedule a free consultation by clicking this link.